Abstract
The paper analyzes the main controversial issues and discussions of modern Russian historiography concerning the reform process in Russia in the late XIX - early XX centuries. The paper notes that over the past three decades Russian historical studies discusses a wide range of assessments of the course and consequences of the last modernization in the history of Russian Empire - both positive and negative. The paper shows that the study of the reforms during the late Imperial period led to the formation of two main approaches to their interpretation - pessimistic and optimistic. The paper concludes that it is necessary to continue studying these topics in order to conduct a more thorough analysis of the transformations of governments of S.Yu. Witte and P.A. Stolypin.
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