Reforming roadmap for vector control strategies for malaria elimination and eradication from transmission in context to the current evidence

Abstract

Recent outbreaks of new arbovirus, the development of resistance in some Culicidae species, and the fast expansion of highly invasive mosquitoes globally are all posing significant and timely challenges to mosquito control initiatives. Plant-mediated nanoparticle production has several advantages over chemical and physical approaches, including cost, simplicity, and the absence of high pressure, energy, temperature, or the use of highly toxic compounds. A rising variety of plant-borne chemicals have been proposed in recent years for the efficient and quick extracellular synthesis of metal nanoparticles that are effective against mosquitoes at very low levels. Furthermore, we reviewed current evidence on the non-target effects of these nanocomposites used for mosquito control, highlighting their moderate acute toxicity for non-target aquatic organisms, lack of genotoxicity at the doses tested against mosquitoes, and the potential to increase the predation rates of biological control agents against mosquitoes by treating the aquatic environment with ultra-low doses (e.g. 1–3 ppm) of green-synthesized nanoparticles, which reduces mosquito population of larvae. Using genetically engineered mosquitoes, there are two primary techniques to control mosquito. These are referred to as population suppression and replacement and both systems are capable of modifying genetically engineered mosquitoes into the wild. The current study focused on the possible usefulness of nanoparticles in mosquito control.