Reform without revolt: the political economy of economic reform in the Gambia

Abstract

The Gambia's Economic Recovery Program differed from most adjustment programs in sub-Saharan Africa because the economy quickly recovered and because the government implemented the reforms with remarkably little public opposition. This paper examines the politics of reform in The Gambia, focusing on both government decisions regarding reform and subsequent public reactions. The analysis highlights the importance of The Gambia's democratic political traditions, the rural political power base, the relationship with neighboring Senegal, weak opposition groups, strong leadership, and lucky breaks. The Gambia provides an example of a democracy that successfully implemented a strong reform program preceding a national election.