Reform, Don't Merge, the Homeland Security Council

Abstract

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Lynn Eden and Amy Zegart for their comments on earlier drafts. Notes 1. Office of the Press Secretary, The White House, “Homeland Security Presidential Directive-1/HSPD-1,” October 29, 2001, p. 1, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011030-1.html 2. Also see 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (New York: Norton, 2004), p. 406; Richard C. Clarke and Rand Beers, The Forgotten Homeland (New York: Century Foundation, 2006), pp. 129–33; P.J. Crowley, Safe at Home: A National Security Strategy to Protect the American Homeland, the Real Central Front (Washington, D.C.: Center for American Progress, 2008), pp. 60-1; Jonah Czerwinski, “A Future for the Homeland Security Council?” Homeland Security Watch, 21 November 2007, http://www.hlswatch.com/index.php?s=A+Future+for+the+Homeland+Security+Council; Clark A. Murdock and Michèle A. Flournoy, Beyond Goldwater-Nichols: U.S. Government & Defense Reform for a New Strategic Era, Phase 2 Report (Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2005), p. 68; Cindy Williams, Strengthening Homeland Security: Reforming Planning and Resource Allocation (Washington, D.C.: IOBM Center for the Business of Government, 2008), p. 36; Christine Wormuth and Anne Witkowsky, Managing the Next Catastrophe: Ready (Or Not)? (Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies), pp. 16–18. 3. Williams, “Strengthening Homeland Security,” p. 30; Wormuth, “Managing the Next Catastrophe,” p. 16. 4. Wormuth, “Managing the Next Catastrophe,” p. 16. 5. Wormuth, “Managing the Next Catastrophe,” pp. 4–5, 29. 6. U.S. General Accounting Office, “Combating Nuclear Terrorism: Federal Efforts to Respond to Nuclear and Radiological Threats and to Protect Key Emergency Response Facilities Could be Strengthened,” GAO-08-285T, November 2009. 7. Nelson Hernandez and Philip Rucker, “Anthrax Case Raises Doubt on Security,” Washington Post, 8 August 2008, p. A1. 8. Elizabeth Becker and Tim Weiner, “A Nation Challenged: Homeland Security; New Office to Become a White House Agency, New York Times, September 28, 2001. 9. Williams, “Strengthening Homeland Security,” p. 29; Wormuth, “Managing the Next Catastrophe,” p. 16. 10. Richard Neustadt, Presidential Power (New York: Free Press, 1990) 11. Becker and Weiner, “A Nation Challenged.” 12. Office of the Press Secretary, The White House, “Homeland Security Council Executive Order, Order Establishing the President's Homeland Security Advisory Council and Senior Advisory Committees for Homeland Security,” March 21, 2002, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/03/20020321-9.html. 13. U.S. General Accounting Office, “Information Technology: Homeland Security Information Network Needs to Be Better Coordinated with Key State and Local Initiatives,” GAO-07-822T, May 10, 2007. 14. Rep. Bennie Thompson (R-Miss.), Chair, House Committee on Homeland Security, Letter to Michael Chertoff, Secretary of DHS, July 23, 2008, http://fas.org/irp/congress/2007_cr/thompson082207.pdf. Thompson's letter summarizes the findings of a GAO study of the Next Generation initiative that GAO has not yet released. 15. U.S. General Accounting Office, “National Response Framework: FEMA Needs Policies and Procedures to Better Integrate Non-Federal Stakeholders in the Revision Process,” GAO-08-768, June 11, 2008. 16. U.S. General Accounting Office, “Influenza Pandemic: Further Efforts Are Needed to Ensure Clearer Leadership Roles and an Effective National Strategy,” GAO-07-781, August 14, 2007. 17. The National Homeland Security Consortium, “Protecting Americans in the 21st Century: Imperatives for the Homeland,” April 2008, pp. 1–2, http://www.nemaweb.org/?2253. Additional informationNotes on contributorsPaul N. StocktonPaul N. Stockton is a senior research scholar at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) and can be reached at pnstock@stanford.edu