Abstract
Discussions of Brazilian forest legislation have intensified in recent years and have led to the publication of a new Brazilian Forest Code. This study was a comparative analysis of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) of farms located in Itu and Sarapui, SP, according to Federal Law No. 12.651/12, Federal Law No. 4.771/65 and CONAMA Resolutions 302 and 303. We outlined the PPAs using topographic maps of the Institute of Geography and Cartography (IGC) in scale of 1:10,000, geo-referenced ortho-photo of 2005, scale 1:30,000, and field checks. The results showed that there was a reduction in the PPAs in the two properties, which was 20.97% to 17.81% of the total area of the property in Itu and 23.16% to 8.11% of the property in Sarapui. The recent changes in the Brazilian Forest Code reduced PPAs in some landscape elements of the two properties. Also, there was fragmentation of a PPA in the vicinity of water courses on one of the properties. In general, the factors that contributed to this were the decrease in the width set for PPAs of water courses in consolidated areas, the exclusion of PPAs in intermittent springs and around ponds with surface areas smaller than one hectare.
Highlights
Discussões sobre a legislação florestal brasileira se intensificaram nos últimos anos e conduziram a edição de um novo Código Florestal Brasileiro
Discussions of Brazilian forest legislation have intensified in recent years and have led to the publication of a new Brazilian Forest Code
This study was a comparative analysis of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) of farms located in Itu and Sarapuí, SP, according to Federal Law No 12.651/12, Federal Law No 4.771/65 and CONAMA Resolutions 302 and 303
Summary
O Código Florestal Brasileiro é umas das principais leis ambientais do Brasil. Sua primeira versão foi editada em 1934, através do Decreto Federal n° 23.793 (Brasil, 1934). O Novo Código Florestal utilizou-se de medidas de comando e controle através da criação da Área de Preservação Permanente (APP) e da Área de Reserva Legal (RL), como forma de garantir a preservação ambiental e o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em propriedades rurais (Garcia, 2012; Brasil, 1965). A definição de APP dada pela Lei Federal n°12.651/12 traz como áreas de extrema importância para a dinâmica dos recursos naturais, através de diferentes enfoques. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os reflexos da Lei Federal n°12.651/12 em alguns tipos de Áreas de Preservação Permanente, em comparação com a da Lei Federal no 4.771/65 e Resoluções CONAMA 302 e 303, em duas propriedades rurais localizadas nos Municípios de Itu e Sarapuí, ambas no Estado de São Paulo
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