Reflexives and Reciprocals in Copala Trique

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I Copala Trique is a Mixtecan language spoken in the districts of Juxtlahuaca and Putla, Oaxaca, Mexico. It has the following consonants: fortis stops p t k, lenis stops b d g, affricates c c C, fortis sibilants s s s, lenis sibilants z z r, nasals m n, liquid I, glides w Yt, and laryngeals 7 h. There are three short vowels, e o a, and five long vowels, ii uu ee oo aa (written i u e o a in nonfinal syllables and in closed final syllables, where they do not contrast with short vowels). There are two kinds of autosegments, nasalization and tone, whose distribution can best be described with reference to the metrical structure of the word. Words contain either one or two feet, and word-final syllables receive primary stress, while other foot-final syllables receive secondary stress. Nasalization (~) occurs optionally on word-final feet, where it is manifested primarily on the stressed vowel, but it occurs also on all contiguous segments that are [-consonantal]. In the examples it is written only on the stressed vowel. Tones 1 2 3 4 5 (from low to high) occur singly or in certain two-tone sequences on the foot, where they are manifested on the stressed vowel. In the examples tone is written following stressed syllables, where it serves to indicate foot boundaries. Unstressed vowels are not marked for tone because their pitch is predictable from the following tone: they are pronounced at level 2 before tones I or 2, and they are pronounced at level 3 before tones 3, 4, or 5. Further information about the phonology of Copala Trique is found in Hollenbach (1977; 1983); the 1983 paper deals exclusively with metrical and autosegmental structure and supersedes statements on these topics found in the 1977 article. Note that the tone system has been reanalyzed as a register system, rather than as a contour system, and that I have inverted the values for the numbers. The number I in the present article represents the lowest tone in the system, and it corresponds to the number 5 used in Hollenbach (1977; 1979) and in other articles published about Trique prior to 1982. The other correspondences are 2:4, 3:3, 4:32, 5:21, 13:53, 31:35, and 32:34. The two highest tones in the new system, 4 and 5, are phonetically upglides even though they are analyzed as underlying level tones. The data in this article are from my unpublished field notes. I would like to express my appreciation to Pablo Ramirez Flores for checking the examples, and also to Adrian Akmajian for his helpful comments on earlier drafts of the paper, and to IJA L's referees for a number of suggestions that I incorporated into the final draft. On July 27, 1983, the day after I finished typing the final version of this manuscript, Adrian Akmajian died of leukemia. He was thirty-eight years old. I would like to dedicate this article, which grew out of a term paper for his advanced syntax class, and which he encouraged me to submit to IJA L, to his memory.