Abstract
Hot-cathode reflex discharges are operated in both uniform and cusp magnetic fields and compared with regard to efficiency of ion production, current-voltage characteristics, electron-energy distribution functions, and stability. While the uniform field gives better electron confinement and hence higher efficiency, the cusp-field discharge is stable over a wider range of neutral densities and magnetic field strengths. The experimental results can be explained on the basis of classical electron transport. This is shown using simple physical arguments, along with Monte Carlo computer calculations of electron trajectories, taking into account ionization, excitation, and elastic collisions with neutrals.
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