Abstract
A directional microphone system for field recording of sounds in the air, for example, bird song or other animal activity, usually involves either a parabolic reflector to focus the sound waves on the microphone (transducer) element, or a linear array of transducers so phased as to respond preferentially to sounds from one directional sector. The latter system (the so-called ‘‘shotgun’’ microphone) can be analyzed in a fairly straightforward manner. The reflector system, however, involving as it does a structure comparable to a wavelength in linear dimension, is not susceptible to the conventional approximate methods of computation. Recently developed computational techniques now permit exact calculation of the directional responses of small reflectors. One result is a proposal for a very economical and effective system involving a plane reflector. No directional microphone can, in practice, reproduce sounds with fidelity to the sounds as emitted by the source.
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