Abstract
Abstract. The indoor micro-environment monitoring system of the Forbidden City aims to explore the thresholds of environmental indicators under the presence of coexistence of multiple cultural relics through the analysis of environmental monitoring data and the deterioration of cultural heritiges, and to develop the optimal strategies for the protection and utilization of cultural heritiges. The objects of interest include historic buildings with modernised interior or those used for the storage of movable cultural relics. Several environmental indicators are employed to quantify the dynamic changes of the indoor environment. In order to meet the requirements of 24-hour data collection, real-time data transmission, and easy management and maintenance, the indoor micro-environmental monitoring system has been continuously upgraded and the "LoRa-based Hybrid Self-Organising Network System Deployment Solution" was deployed to satisfy the demands of high precision, low energy consumption, constant stability, and low cost. Taking the Meridian Gate exhibition hall of the Forbidden City during the exhibition "Splendor Forever: Six Centuries of the Forbidden City" as an example, we discussed the relationship between temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and visitor volumes, and the results provide a basis for optimizing the management of the exhibition. Future improvements to the indoor environment monitoring should focus on strengthening the in-depth mining of data and multi-factor correlation analysis, so as to gradually form a systematic and comprehensive monitoring management system.
Highlights
The Forbidden City was the royal palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, which has a history of 600 years so far
We need to manage temperature, humidity, and pollutants positively in the exhibition halls of the museum to offer a well preservation environment for cultural relics in their collections (Wu, 2011); while the exhibition halls of the Forbidden City were transformed from historic buildings, which means the microenvironments had been changed from its natural state due to the modernization, making the historic buildings vulnerable new diseases
Because of the above reasons, the Forbidden City indoor microenvironment monitoring using temperature and relative humidity as the basic parameters, for the needs of different situations of historic buildings, such as the historic buildings with extremely high visitor volumes, the exhibition halls which renovated recently, and the historic buildings with original state of furnishings affected by natural light, selected CO2 concentration, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) concentration, illumination and ultraviolet intensity and other parameters as the main reference for monitoring the dynamic changes in the indoor environment
Summary
The Forbidden City was the royal palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, which has a history of 600 years so far. After 600 years of environmental erosion, the historic buildings of the Forbidden City have suffered varying degree of deterioration to different and are in urgent need of scientific conservation to slow down their aging and decay. Due to its dual identity as a World Heritage Site and a museum, the Forbidden City is facing major issues of the rational use of historic buildings and balancing the relationship between conservation and utilization. The Palace Museum has conducted the indoor environmental monitoring for the Forbidden City since 2014, and a monitoring network has been established among 60 historic buildings to provide data support for the conservation of historic buildings in the Forbidden City
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