Abstract
PurposeThere is no artificial intelligence (AI) without people. People design and develop AI; they modify and use it and they have to reorganize the ways they have carried out tasks in their work and everyday life. National strategies are documents made to describe how different nations foster AI and as human dimensions are such an important aspect of AI, this study sought to investigate major national strategy documents to determine how they view the human role in emerging AI societies.ApproachOur method for analyzing the strategies was conceptual analysis since the development of technology is embedded with conceptual ideas of humanity, explicit or implicit, and in addition to deepening analysis of explicit argumentation the method enables the deconstruction and reconstruction of meanings and conceptual relations within the strategies, exposing presumptions and tacit commitments of the writers.FindingsThe analysis of the documents illustrates that the general tendency in national strategies is globally dominantly technology-driven as the state of affairs appears to be creating new technologies. However, various human research points such as usability, user experience, sociotechnical and life-based themes are less well represented. Because national strategies are used to develop innovation processes, we argue that future development of national strategies could be improved by taking human research issues more energetically in the agenda.OriginalityOur study elaborates the current trends in AI-policy discourses and discusses reasons and possibilities for more holistic policymaking, making it a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and the larger public.
Highlights
IntroductionArtificial intelligence (hereafter artificial intelligence (AI)) is increasingly becoming a part of our lives, it is often an invisible presence
Artificial intelligence is increasingly becoming a part of our lives, it is often an invisible presence
The aim of our study is to provide information about how human dimensions of artificial intelligence (AI) development are presented in selected AI strategies and reflect how the findings compare to research literature
Summary
Artificial intelligence (hereafter AI) is increasingly becoming a part of our lives, it is often an invisible presence. Numerous AI programs make the task easier by picking up typos or underlining grammatical errors. Kitchens have invisible apps and other pieces of code which make using stoves, vacuum cleaners, and refrigerators more fluent and more economical to use. Mobile phones and computers with their massive sets of apps are full of AI. AI is here, and it is increasingly integrated in our everyday life [8, 40, 53, 58, 107]. It is not easy to find a clear definition of AI. Definitions vary in that they may concentrate to list functionalities (e.g., adaptability and autonomy) or technological solutions (e.g., machine learning and machine vision) that characterize (2022) 2:3
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