Reflection of the iceberg: Key issues and challenges of education in Balochistan

Abstract

Education is widely recognized as a key driver of social and economic development. However, in Pakistan's Balochistan province, the education sector faces numerous challenges and issues that hinder its progress and development. This paper aims to identify and analyze the key issues and challenges facing the education sector in Balochistan. The research is based on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, policy documents, and reports. The study identifies several key challenges, including inadequate infrastructure and facilities, inadequate funding, low teacher qualifications and training, high dropout rates, gender disparity, and limited access to education. Moreover, political instability, security concerns, and cultural barriers further exacerbate these challenges. The study proposes several recommendations to address these challenges, including increasing funding and investment in the education sector, improving teacher training and professional development programs, enhancing governance and management of schools, implementing targeted interventions to address gender and social disparities, and participation in education reform initiatives.