Abstract
Background: The iodine status of the US population is considered adequate, but subpopulations remain at risk for iodine deficiency and a biomarker of individual iodine status has yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 3 day titration diet, providing known quantities of iodized salt, is reflected in 24 h urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum iodine, and thyroglobulin (Tg). Methods: A total of 10 participants (31.3 ± 4.0 years, 76.1 ± 6.3 kg) completed three, 3 day iodine titration diets (minimal iodine, US RDA, (United States Recommended Daily Allowance), and 3× RDA). The 24 h UIC, serum iodine, and Tg were measured following each diet. The 24 h UIC and an iodine-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were completed at baseline. Results: UIC increased an average of 19.3 μg/L for every gram of iodized salt consumed and was different from minimal to RDA (p = 0.001) and RDA to 3× RDA diets (p = 0.04). Serum iodine was different from RDA to 3× RDA (p = 0.006) whereas Tg was not responsive to diet. Baseline UIC was associated with iodine intake from milk (r = 0.688, p = 0.028) and fish/seafood (r = 0.646, p = 0.043). Conclusion: These results suggest that 24 h UIC and serum iodine may be reflective of individual iodine status and may serve as biomarkers of iodine status.
Highlights
Secondary purposes were to evaluate the association between baseline 24 h urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and habitual iodine intake and observe the contribution of iodine-containing foods to total iodine intake assessed by an iodine-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)
24 h UIC is considered a population iodine status marker, our results suggest that of the iodine status biomarkers evaluated, 24 h UIC has promise as an individual biomarker in that it is sensitive to changes in short term dietary intake
According to our regression model, 24 h UIC increased an average of 19.3 μg/L for every gram of iodized salt consumed
Summary
Select populations are susceptible to insufficient iodine status due to geographical location, food intake practices, or increased iodine needs (e.g., pregnancy and lactation). Subpopulations at increased risk for low iodine intake include pregnant and lactating women [4,5,6], vegans [7,8,9]. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 3 day titration diet, providing known quantities of iodized salt, is reflected in 24 h urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum iodine, and thyroglobulin (Tg). Methods: A total of 10 participants (31.3 ± 4.0 years, 76.1 ± 6.3 kg) completed three, 3 day iodine titration diets The 24 h UIC and an iodine-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were completed at baseline
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