Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study the sounding pendants on the shamanic costume of the Evenks, Sakha and Nganasans in the unity of the shamanic ritual complex and ritual musical traditions. Shamanic pendants are interpreted as a special text of culture, a reflection of the geocultural ideas of the peoples of the Arctic. The paper is based on the materials of field research carried out by the authors in Taimyr in 1989-1990, in the Olenek Evenk national region of Yakutia in 2014 and scientific publications. The sound world of shamanic ritual is a complex phonic picture, which is formed when using vocal, verbal, vocal-speech, signal, instrumental types of intonation. The movements of shaman are accompanied by the sound of colliding pendants on the costume of shamans and its components (headband, shoes, mittens). The sounding pendants were described by ethnographers and musicologists, but they were not considered in connection with geocultural studies. Metal pendants on a shaman costume mark sacred spatial models of the Universe (images of heavenly bodies - the sun, the moon, stars), mythological spaces of the Upper, Middle and Lower worlds inhabited by the shaman's helper spirits - birds, animals, anthropomorphic creatures, they symbolize parts of the human body, etc. The prospects for the study of shaman costume pendants as a symbolic embodiment of the landscape are contained in a more complete description and generalization of all known materials, including the analysis of shaman costumes from ethnographic museum collections.
Highlights
The distinctive culture of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic is one of the main factors that determine the uniqueness of the Arctic geocultures
The paper is based on the materials of field research carried out by the authors in Taimyr in 1989-1990, in the Olenek Evenk national region of Yakutia in 2014 and scientific publications
Metal pendants on a shaman costume mark sacred spatial models of the Universe, mythological spaces of the Upper, Middle and Lower worlds inhabited by the shaman's helper spirits - birds, animals, anthropomorphic creatures, they symbolize parts of the human body, etc
Summary
The distinctive culture of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic is one of the main factors that determine the uniqueness of the Arctic geocultures. "Arctic imagination models have unique components that contribute to the birth of "magical" and "shamanic" images of these territories" [1, 28]. In the interdisciplinary scientific discourse of the anthropology of cold, the imagination models of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic are considered in the cognitive dimension, which allows revealing the psycho-mental structure of the shaman's activity. A unified model of “sign-symbolic communication of a shaman with a cold landscape” was discovered on the basis of a cognitive analysis of shamanic texts among the northern Yakuts and the indigenous peoples of Taimyr. “The cultural archetypes of the ancient population of the North and the Arctic are reflected in the symbolic images of the shaman's costume as a “new body” of the shaman, revived after the initiation rite” [2, 260]. Researchers suggest that the shamanic costume of the Yakuts "manifests the indissoluble integrity of the Perception of the Cosmos-Nature and Man" [2, 260]
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