Abstract
To establish an accurate sea ice model is a tremendous challenge in Arctic acoustic research. Regarding this matter, a multilayered porous sea ice model is proposed based on Biot’s theory in this paper. Assuming that the model is sandwiched between the water and air half-spaces, the reflection coefficient of an incident wave from water into ice is deduced and contrasted with the solution calculated by impedance transfer method (ITM) to demonstrate the verification of the model. Furthermore, the influences of frequency, porosity and layering on reflection coefficients are analyzed. The results reveal that the reflection coefficient is closely associated with layering and porosity. Therefore, it is reasonable and necessary to simultaneously take the layering and porosity of ice into consideration. Different from the existing layered or porous ice model, the presented model synthesizes the layered characteristic and porous structure of ice, which better portrays the real condition of sea ice. It is an improvement of the broadly used stratified or porous sea ice model, which provides ideas for further sea ice modeling.
Highlights
With the growing exploitation of the Arctic, extensive research into Arctic acoustics has been carried out in contemporary marine science and engineering fields [1]
It is shown that there is a trend that reflection coefficients decrease with the increase in porosity, except at some special large angles
On the basis of the model, a further study was made on the factors influencing the reflection coefficients
Summary
With the growing exploitation of the Arctic, extensive research into Arctic acoustics has been carried out in contemporary marine science and engineering fields [1]. Arctic ice has a complicated structure because of the changeable environmental condition [3,4], which makes it challenging to establish a plausible model When it comes to sea ice modeling, scholars conducted a study concentrating mainly on its three characteristics: layered, porous and rough surface. Chen [5] simplified the ice model by ignoring the surface roughness and regarded acoustic reflection from sea ice as from flat plate What is more, they deduced the reflection coefficient in detail and analyzed the sound field propagation loss using the Bellhop simulation model. Studied the reflection and refraction of waves at the interface of water and Comparing these models, it can be found that most models are established based on porous sea ice and the effect of ice thickness and porosity of the skeleton layer on reflection. It is reasonable to model sea ice as multilayered and porous
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