Abstract
Lithium intercalation and deintercalation in crystalline TiO2-electrodes (rutile and anatase modifications) was investigated ex situ using grazing incidence reflection mode x-ray absorption spectroscopy in a specialized cell which permits the removal of the electrolyte and the subsequent measurement of grazing incidence x-ray absorption spectra under a protecting noble gas atmosphere. Small changes observed in near edge x-ray absorption spectra indicated that the Ti4+ ions are reduced by the electrochemical lithiation, depending on the TiO2 modification, Ti3.5+ states as well as Ti3+ states are observed for rutile and anatase, respectively. Angle dependent experiments reveal that the intercalation is not complete for rutile, while anatase seems to be fully intercalated. In addition, a certain amount of Li remains in the anatase electrode after a complete intercalation – deintercalation cycle. The results suggest that Li-ions are generally accumulated at the electrode/electrolyte interface during both intercalation and deintercalation.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
