Abstract
The reflection and refraction of a plane acoustic-gravity wave at an interface separating two fluids in relative motion is calculated. It is found, as for purely acoustic waves, that the reflection coefficient for gravity waves can exceed unity (that is to say, the reflected wave can be amplified) if the shear flow speed exceeds the horizontal phase speed of the incident gravity wave. This result, which implies that gravity waves extract energy and momentum from the mean flow, is discussed, along with the idea of a critical layer at which the energy and momentum of gravity waves are absorbed into the mean flow.
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