Abstract
In a previous study, a new and numerically efficient solution procedure for the rotating-angle softened truss model (RA-STM) was proposed to compute the ultimate behavior or reinforced concrete (RC) membrane elements. In such new calculation procedure, the tensile stresses in concrete were neglected for simplicity. In this article, the efficient RA-STM procedure is refined in order to incorporate the contribution of the tensile stresses in concrete. The equations of the refined model are reformulated in order to incorporate this additional contribution and an appropriate smeared stress-strain relationship for tensile concrete is implemented. In addition, the new solution procedure is also presented. The refined efficient RA-STM procedure proposed in this study is able to predict the full behavior of RC membrane elements under in-plane stresses, including for both low and high loading stages, with high numerical efficiency and stability. The predictions obtained from the model are compared with the experimental results of tested RC panels found in the literature, where good agreement is observed, namely for the cracking load, stiffness after cracking and strength.
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