Abstract
We investigated reference values for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) for healthy Koreans and Koreans with coronary heart disease (CHD) and used them to identify inter-ethnic differences in CRF, differences over time in CRF, and differences in CRF between the healthy population and patients with CHD. The study population for healthy Koreans was derived from the database of KISS FitS (Korea Institute of Sports Science Fitness Standards) between 2014 and 2015. The study population for Koreans with CHD was derived from the database of the Korea University Guro Hospital Cardiac Rehabilitation Registry between June 2015 and December 2018. In healthy Koreans, there was a significant difference between sex and age groups for VO2 max. The VO2 max of healthy Koreans differed from that of Westerners in age-related reference values. Our results were not significantly different from those of the Korean population in the past, except for a small decline in the young population. There seemed to be a clear inter-ethnic difference in CRF. We could also identify signs of small change in CRF in younger age groups. Therefore, CRF should be assessed according to ethnic or national standards, and it will be necessary to establish a reference for each nation or ethnicity with periodic updates.
Highlights
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is defined as the circulatory and respiratory ability to supply oxygen properly to skeletal muscles during physical activity
Non-exercise-based models that can predict CRF using clinical variables and can be assessed in clinical settings without an exercise test have been reported [6,7,8,9]. Similar to these CRF measurements or estimates for individual subjects, it is important to establish a reference value that can be used to determine whether a subject is fit or unfit compared to a healthy population
CRF should be assessed according to ethnic or national standards, and it will be necessary to establish a reference for each nation or ethnicity
Summary
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is defined as the circulatory and respiratory ability to supply oxygen properly to skeletal muscles during physical activity. CRF can be measured directly by a conventional exercise test with gas analysis and can be estimated indirectly by exercise tests with various protocols [5]. Non-exercise-based models that can predict CRF using clinical variables and can be assessed in clinical settings without an exercise test have been reported [6,7,8,9]. Similar to these CRF measurements or estimates for individual subjects, it is important to establish a reference value that can be used to determine whether a subject is fit or unfit compared to a healthy population
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