Reference ranges of fetal aortic and pulmonary valve diameter derived by STIC from 14 to 40 weeks of gestation

Abstract

To develop reference ranges of fetal aortic and pulmonary valve diameter derived from volume datasets of spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC). A cross-sectional study was undertaken on low-risk pregnancies with well-established data from 14 to 40 weeks. Volume datasets of STIC were acquired for subsequent off-line analysis. Aortic and pulmonary valve diameters were measured in STIC multiplanar view using 4D-View version 9. Normal Z scores and centile reference ranges were constructed from these measurements against gestational age (GA) and biparietal diameter (BPD) as independent variables, using regression models for both mean and SD. A total of 606 volume datasets were successfully measured. Normal reference ranges for predicting mean values and SD of aortic and pulmonary valve diameter were constructed based on best-fit equations (linear function) as follows: mean aortic diameter (mm) was modeled as a function of GA (weeks) and BPD (mm) as - 2.4838 + 0.2702 × GA, (SD = 0.1482 + 0.0156 × GA) and - 1.5952 + 0.0989 × BPD (SD = 0.1672 + 0.00572 × BPD). Mean pulmonary diameter was modeled as - 2.5924 + 0.2935 × GA (SD = 0.2317 + 0.01524 × GA) and - 1.6830 + 0.1083 × BPD (SD = 0.1971 + 0.0059 × BPD). We have provided nomograms and Z scores of fetal aortic and pulmonary valve diameters. These reference ranges may be a useful tool in the assessment of fetal cardiac abnormalities.