Abstract

Any interaction between finite quantum systems in a separable joint state can be viewed as encoding classical information on an induced holographic screen. Here we show that when such an interaction is represented as a measurement, the quantum reference frames (QRFs) deployed to identify systems and pick out their pointer states induce decoherence, breaking the symmetry of the holographic encoding in an observer-relative way. Observable entanglement, contextuality, and classical memory are, in this representation, logical and temporal relations between QRFs. Sharing entanglement as a resource requires a priori shared QRFs.

Highlights

  • The holographic principle (HP) states, in its covariant formulation, that for any finite spacelike boundary B, open or closed, the classical, thermodynamic entropy S(L(B)) of any light-sheet L(B) of B satisfies: Received: 9 February 2021 Accepted: 27 February 2021 Published: 3 March 2021Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.S(L(B)) ≤ A(B)/4, (1)where A(B) is the area of B in Planck units [1]

  • The HP was motivated by the Bekenstein bound on the thermodynamic entropy of a black hole (BH), and has traditionally been interpreted as a bound on the thermodynamic entropy of, and the classical information encodable on, an independently-defined surface B, e.g., the stretched horizon of a BH [2,3]; see [1,4] for reviews

  • We show that sequential pointer measurements break the SN symmetry of the screen B, inducing decoherence (Section 3.3)

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Summary

Introduction

The holographic principle (HP) states, in its covariant formulation, that for any finite spacelike boundary B, open or closed, the classical, thermodynamic entropy S(L(B)) of any light-sheet L(B) of B satisfies: Received: 9 February 2021 Accepted: 27 February 2021 Published: 3 March 2021. A obtains exactly N bits of information about B from this channel and vice versa, entirely independently of the internal dynamics HA and HB With this construction, we can state the following generalized holographic principle (cf [5] Thm. 1): GHP: If but only if a pair of finite quantum systems A and B have a separable joint state |AB = |A |B , there is a finite spacelike surface B, with area A(B) ≥ A(B)min = 4ln2NlP2 , N the dimension of HAB and lP the Planck length, that implements HAB as a classical channel. These results together suggest that, far from being “an apparent law of physics that stands by itself” [1], the HP in its generalized GHP form is central to quantum information theory

Instantaneous Interactions across B
Example
Symmetry across B Corresponds to “Free Choice” of QRFs
Reference and Pointer Measurements
Computation and Memory Costs Induce Coarse-Graining
Reference Frame Induced Entanglement
Reference Frame Induced Contextuality
Conclusions
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