Abstract
The skin, fat, and muscle of the musculoskeletal system provide essential support and protection to the human body. The interaction between individual layers and their composite structure dictate the body’s response during mechanical loading of extremity surfaces. Quantifying such interactions may improve surgical outcomes by enhancing surgical simulations with lifelike tissue characteristics. Recently, a comprehensive tissue thickness and anthropometric database of in vivo extremities was acquired using a load sensing instrumented ultrasound to enhance the fidelity of advancing surgical simulations. However detailed anatomy of tissue layers of musculoskeletal extremities was not captured. This study aims to supplement that database with an enhanced dataset of in vitro specimens that includes ultrasound imaging supported by motion tracking of the ultrasound probe and two additional full field imaging modalities (magnetic resonance and computed tomography). The additional imaging datasets can be used in conjunction with the ultrasound/force data for more comprehensive modeling of soft tissue mechanics. Researchers can also use the image modalities in isolation if anatomy of legs and arms is needed.
Highlights
Background & SummaryThe musculoskeletal system is a multi-layer support and protective structure composed of skin, fat and muscle
The tissue properties of individual layers and composite structure influence the musculoskeletal system’s ability to respond to mechanical loading, in some cases, loads that may result in injury
The past two decades have seen significant advancements in virtual reality haptic feedback simulations that aim to increase the effectiveness of surgical training[3], and long before that, soft tissue characterization was possible using continuum mechanics techniques[4,5]
Summary
The musculoskeletal system is a multi-layer support and protective structure composed of skin, fat and muscle. Computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are used to investigate soft tissue properties and, more cost prohibitive, allow accurate measurement of tissue thickness. These imaging modalities have the added benefit of being three-dimensional (3D) image volumes and can be segmented to reconstruct detailed 3D anatomical models. In a recent and similar study completed by the authors[6], instrumented ultrasound and anthropometric measurements were performed to quantify multi-layer and aggregate tissue thickness as well as characterize the mechanical properties of the musculoskeletal extremities in vivo. Surface strain measurements were captured for indentation, cutting, and pinching surgical acts
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