Abstract

Aquatic macrophytes were studied at nine near-natural river sites together with water chemistry (pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen, orthophosphates, total N and P) and physical characteristics (substrate type, shading, flow velocity, mean depth and width). Reference Index reflecting general degradation was applied to assess the ecological quality. As the reference conditions are represented by minimally-disturbed sites, the study presented innovative approach to assess potentially-impaired sites based on the reference community approach.

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