Reexamining nodality in equivalence classes.

Abstract

Equivalence classes are defined according to the substitutability, or functional similarity, of the stimuli within a stimulus class. Several studies have demonstrated that the degree of functional similarity between stimuli in a class is dependent, in part, upon the number of nodes (intervening stimuli) between the stimuli. Higher nodal number is related to lower functional similarity. This effect is referred to as "nodality." There are three key factors that have not been simultaneously controlled for in the relevant studies: priming effects, reinforcement during training, and multiple stimulus functions of stimuli (sample, comparison, or both). In the present experiment, controlling for these factors, two 6-member, 4-node equivalence classes were established, and a within-class preference assessment was used to evaluate nodality. Of 12 participants, five achieved criterion accuracy (90%) during testing. These participants demonstrated nodality, showing preference for stimuli that were nodally proximal to a sample in the preference test. When distal comparisons were chosen, participants took longer, on average, to make the selection compared to selections of proximal stimuli. These findings are consistent with earlier studies demonstrating nodality, which suggests that nodality is a robust phenomenon and not an artifact of the factors that were controlled for in the present study.