Reevaluation of Non-Assertive Attitude of Government Officials as a Criminologic Factor in State Land Encroachment and Environmental Destruction in Kupang

Abstract

Objective: The rising societal need for land has led individuals to explore various means to acquire it. In recent years, incidents of encroachment on state land have been observed in several regions of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). This phenomenon undermines public interests and sets a detrimental precedent for the community. The central issue addressed in this research is whether the non-assertive stance and actions of local government officials contribute as criminogenic factors in state land encroachment and environmental (forest) degradation in Manutapen Village, Alak District, Kupang City. The study aims to shed light on the complex interplay between governance, societal demands, and environmental preservation in the context of land-related offenses. Method: This research serves as a reevaluation of a study conducted approximately 20 years ago in Manutapen Village, Alak District, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara. The study's respondents totaled 78 individuals selected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data collection employed observation and in-depth interviews, with the findings presented in single and cross-tabulated tables. The aim is to revisit and analyze the current state of the issues related to land encroachment and environmental degradation, providing updated insights into the persisting challenges faced by the community. Result and Discussion: The research findings reveal a correlation between the indecisiveness of village/community government officials and criminal acts of state land encroachment and environmental damage (forest) in Manutapen Village, Alak District, Kupang City. Respondents with higher incomes tend to exhibit a weaker or insufficient level of land tenure, while conversely, respondents with lower incomes demonstrate a tendency towards stronger land tenure. The relationship between these two variables is characterized as negative. Conclusion: This study sheds light on the intricate dynamics between government officials' attitudes and actions, shedding insight into the complex issues surrounding land encroachment and environmental damage within the community.