Reevaluation of magnetic chrons in the North Atlantic between 35°N and 47°N: Implications for the formation of the Azores Triple Junction and associated plateau

Abstract

In this paper we present a new magnetic compilation for an area of the North Atlantic located between 35°N and 47°N and up to anomaly 33r. We also present a strategy to pick magnetic isochrones and compute finite rotation poles. This technique is based on a continuous reduction to the pole technique and some basic assumptions regarding the direction of the remanent magnetization vector. A cost function that measures the misfit between interpreted and rotated isochrones and the systematic exploitation of the parameter space is used to compute the best set of finite Eulerian rotations for the chrons 5, 6, 6C, 11–12, 13, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, and 33r. This set of chrons and poles is used to discuss the evolution of the North Atlantic close to Iberia and, in particular, the onset and early development of the Azores Triple Junction area. We show that the relative motion between the Eurasian and the African plates can be coherently described in terms of rigid plate kinematics, respecting both the anomalies shapes and the precise location of the main structural elements of the area: the Pico Fracture Zone, the East Azores Fracture Zone, and the Gloria Fault. We distinguish from the magnetic point of view two different areas of the Azores plateau: the South Azores domain where almost undisturbed NNW magnetic lineations can be found and the Azores domain close to the topographic highs and with no systematic magnetic stripping with the exception of a few recent lineations, probably Matuyama and Brunhes. We present an approximate reconstruction of the plate configuration after chron 18 to conclude that the attachment of Iberia to Eurasia was younger than previously thought (lower Miocene), triggering the formation of the Azores domain, in which stretching took place essentially in the last 20 Ma at an average rate of ∼3.8 mm/a, and progressively attaching the South Azores domain to the African plate by a northward progression of the triple junction.