Abstract

Liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) of multivalent polymers has emerged as a ubiquitous process of self-assembly in biological cells, as well as in the design of soft biomaterial and artificial cells lacking membranes. One of the most conserved linear multivalent biopolymers is inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), which is present in all three domains of life. In bacteria, polyphosphate forms membrane-less granules as a starvation survival response. However, the mechanism of polyP granule biogenesis remains unclear.

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