Abstract
Unforeseen Plasmodium infections in the Atlantic Forest of Brazilian Extra-Amazonian region could jeopardise malaria elimination. A human malaria case was registered in Três Forquilhas, in the Atlantic Forest biome of Rio Grande do Sul, after a 45 years’ time-lapsed without any malaria autochthonous notification in this southern Brazilian state. This finding represents the expansion of the malaria distribution areas in Brazil and the southernmost human malaria case record in South America in this decade. The coexistence of the bromeliad-breeding vector Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii and non-human primates in the Atlantic Forest regularly visited by the patient claimed for the zoonotic origin of this infection. The reemergence of Atlantic Forest human malaria in Rio Grande do Sul was also discussed.
Highlights
Rio Grande do Sul is the southernmost Brazilian State
Autochthonous human malaria was no longer recorded in Rio Grande do Sul.[12,13,14,15,16] after more than four decades, an unexpected malaria case was detected in April 2014, in a 58-year-old white male, diabetic insulin online | memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br
(17) The day, after notification to the Epidemiological Surveillance of Porto Alegre municipality, thin blood smears were forwarded to the Parasitology Laboratory of the Central Laboratory of the State Department of Health of Rio Grande do Sul - LACEN/SES-RS, where P. vivax malaria infection was diagnosed with a parasitaemia of 5,000 parasites/μL
Summary
Rio Grande do Sul is the southernmost Brazilian State. The first records of malaria in this state date back to 1900 in a port city named Rio Grande, located in the southern state coast.[9].
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