Abstract
The 587 Ma-old hydrothermal bastnaesite mineralization of Gakara in the western branch of the East African Rift in Burundi has geological and chemical features typical of carbonatite-related REE ore deposits, but Nd, Ce, and Sr isotope data on the bastnaesite indicate a time-integrated LREE-enriched source with ϵ Nd ( T)−11.9, ϵ Ce ( T) 1.6, and 87Sr 86Sr ≤0.7075 . The mid-Proterozoic Nd model age of this source coincides with the formation of the intracratonic Kibaran basin of central Africa and may indicate a mid-Proterozoic rift-related event of small-scale, but locally very effective, mantle metasomatism in this region. The formation of REE ore deposits in carbonatite environments is possibly linked to enriched mantle domains.
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