Reduzindo a sobrecarga dos cuidadores na doença de Huntington usando uma abordagem neuropsicológica interventiva online: um estudo piloto

Abstract

ABSTRACT Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary, neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and behavioral issues. As the disease progresses, people become dependent on their caregivers leading to a significant burden. There is a lack of effective neuropsychological intervention to support this population. Objective: To develop an online neuropsychological intervention and evaluate its effects in decreasing the HD caregiver burden. Methods: This qualitative pilot study was conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. We selected a convenience sample of five informal caregivers of HD patients (mean 46.2 years old). At baseline, participants were assessed via an individual online neuropsychology interview/screening, covering demographic data. Subsequently, we conducted 20 online 90-minute sessions of the psychological consultation over 12 months. Each session was structured in three stages: 1) Welcoming; 2) Breathing and mindfulness practice; and 3) Discussion of themes about the group's needs based on the main complaints. A second intervention assessment was applied. Results: None of the caregivers were provided with details about HD at the time of diagnosis and later care. The necessity to care for a person with a rare genetic disease was added to caregivers' already-existing working routine and home services, causing a symptom of overload. After the neuropsychological intervention, all participants reported feeling less burdened by caring, improved self-care and conflict resolution with the person with HD through expanding behavioral repertoire focused on emotions and communication. Conclusion: Online neuropsychologic intervention can reduce the burden of HD caregivers. More comprehensive studies should investigate these findings.