Abstract
In the study of three-dimensional underwater sensor networks, the nodes would produce changes in perception range under the influence of environmental factors and their own hardware. Requesting all nodes completely isomorphic is unrealistic. Ignoring boundary effects usually causes the coverage effect of the actual deployment of networks to not reach the anticipated result. This paper firstly presents an underwater sensing model with normal distributed node sensing radius. Secondly, it gives the relationship between expected deployment quality and the number of nodes in the premise of considering boundary effects. Then, it deduces nodes’ redundancy formula based on the sensing model with normal distributed node sensing radius, making node could determine whether itself is a redundant node only based on the number of its neighbour nodes. Furthermore, this paper proposes a redundancy model and boundary effects based coverage-enhancing algorithm for three-dimensional underwater sensor networks (RBCT). Simulation results show that RBCT, compared to similar algorithms, has certain advantages in saving energy and enhancing coverage rate.
Highlights
Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) has drawn great attention over the recent years for its extensive application prospect in oceanographic hydrological data collection, marine pollution monitoring, marine disaster early-warning, and underwater military reconnaissance [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Before the emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), underwater data perception and collection depend on costly wired network, while UWSN highly reduces the cost of these underwater applications
UWSN consists of nodes that are cooperatively monitoring in three-dimensional space
Summary
Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) has drawn great attention over the recent years for its extensive application prospect in oceanographic hydrological data collection, marine pollution monitoring, marine disaster early-warning, and underwater military reconnaissance [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. According to the three-dimensional UWSN model in [9] proposed by Tezcan et al, the architecture of UWSN consists of anchor, underwater sensor node, and buoy node. Sensor devices are broadcasted to target area from aircraft or boat As soon as it comes into contact with water, devices anchor is fixed on the location to avoid floating away with ocean current and deviating from monitoring area which occurred in the model proposed by Tezcan et al At initial phase, sensor node and the buoy node float on the sea surface. There are many important sensor network design problems where the physical dimensionality of the network plays a significant role One such problem is determining how to deploy minimum number of sensor nodes so that all points inside the network are within the sensing range of at least one sensor and all sensor nodes can communicate with each other, possibly over a multihop path. This paper proposes RBCT algorithm combined with the virtual potential field algorithm to optimize the coverage of networks
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