Reductive Elimination of Organic Molecules from Palladium−Diphosphine Complexes

Abstract

The effects governing the rate of reductive elimination of dimethyl ether, acetonitrile, vinyl cyanide, and methyl ethanoate from palladium diphosphine complexes were studied by means of a density functional theory method. Energy barriers, computed as the difference in energy between the reactant and the corresponding transition state using H2P(CH2)2PH2 as model for diphosphine ligands, varied from 38 kcal mol-1 (dimethyl ether) to barrierless elimination of methyl ethanoate, in good agreement with experimental results. MO analysis reveals striking differences that are related to the donor/acceptor capabilities of the reacting moieties. For the elimination of acetonitrile, the bite angle effect on the reaction rate, observed by Moloy when different diphosphine ligands were used, was studied in depth. We considered (R2PXPR2)Pd(CH3)(CN) complexes for a number of different ligand backbones (X = (CH2)n, n = 1−4; X = cis-, trans-but-2-ene) which span a large bite angle range and for a number of different phosp...