Reduction/temperature/pH multi-stimuli responsive core cross-linked polypeptide hybrid micelles for triggered and intracellular drug release

Abstract

The high toxicity, poor stability, premature drug release, and lack of intracellular stimuli responsibility of current polymeric micelles still hinder them for potential clinical applications. To address these challenges, a novel type of multi-stimuli responsive, core cross-linked polypeptide hybrid micelles (CCMs) was developed for triggered anticancer drug delivery in tumor microenvironment. The CCMs was prepared via free radical copolymerization by using N,N'-methylene-bis-acylamide (BACy) as the cross-linking agent, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, where poly (γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPPAM) as comonomers. The doxorubicin (DOX) was then introduced into the CCMs by hydrazone bond to prepare the drug-incorporated core cross-linked micelles (CCMs-DOX). By the experimental results, the CCMs showed reduction responsibility due to the degradable disulfide bond in the polymer network. The hydrazone bond can be broken under acidic condition causing a controllable drug release for CCMs-DOX. Compared to only 7.7% DOX release under pH 7.4 at 37°C, a much higher DOX release rate up to 85.3% was observed under 10 mM GSH (pH 5.0, 42°C). In vitro cell assays showed that the blank CCMs showed almost no toxicity against HUVEC cells while the CCMS-DOX exhibited significant cancer cell killing effect. These experimental results suggested that the prepared multi-stimuli responsive polymeric micelles could serve as a smart and promising drug delivery candidate for anti-cancer therapy.