Reduction techniques for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis

Abstract

The technique of fracture treatment by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) is today part of the treatment repertoire of any experienced trauma surgeon. The minimization of any additional iatrogenic damage to the tissues and the preservation of the osteogenic fracture hematoma are the decisive differences to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The MIPO technique is particularly applied in metaphyseal and diaphyseal fractures, which cannot be treated with intramedullary nails as well as in fractures with critical soft tissue covering and complex fractures with metaphyseal extension fractures. In metaphyseal and diaphyseal fractures adistinction must always be made between relatively simple (A/B1 type) and more complex (B2/3 and Ctype) fracture forms. In simple fracture forms, which are treated with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis, an anatomical (or at least gap-free) reduction should be strived for. In contrast, in more complex metaphyseal and diaphyseal fractures achievement of correct functional alignment (correct axis, length and rotation) is the goal of reduction. The minimally invasive approach by the trauma surgeon in MIPO fracture treatment is mainly defined by the selected gentle reduction technique. Because the fracture zone cannot be directly viewed, good knowledge of the anatomy and careful surgical planning including reduction on an adequate image basis are of decisive importance. This article introduces the principles of the reduction techniques in minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis and their practical application is described in detail.