Reduction of the Adverse Impacts of Fungal Mycotoxin on Proximate Composition of Feed and Growth Performance in Broilers by Combined Adsorbents.

Obianuju Okoroafor,Magnus Karlsson,Chiamaka Ojiako,Kennedy F Chah,Christian C Obasi,Toochukwu Eleazar Ejiofor,Anthony Christian Mgbeahuruike,Mulunda Mwanza,Michael Ushie Ashang,Chuka Ezema

doi:10.3390/toxins13060430

Obianuju Okoroafor, Magnus Karlsson + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060430

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Abstract

Synergistic interaction of adsorbents in reducing the adverse impacts of mycotoxin on performance and proximate composition of broiler feeds was investigated. Fungal growth was induced by sprinkling water on the feed. S. cerevisiae + bentonite, kaolin + bentonite or S. cerevisiea + kaolin adsorbent combinations (1.5 g/kg feed) were added and the feeds were stored in black polythene bags. An untreated group was kept as a positive control while fresh uncontaminated feed was used as a negative control. Mycotoxins were extracted from the feeds and quantified using reverse phase HPLC. Proximate composition, nutrient digestibility of the feeds, feed intake and weight gain of the broilers were measured. Deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in the contaminated/untreated feed was 347 µg/kg while aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was 34 µg/kg. Addition of bentonite and kaolin in the contaminated feed reduced AFB1 and DON to significantly lower levels. Feed intake and weight gain were low in the broilers fed the contaminated feed. The carbohydrate level was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced from 62.31 to 40.10%, crude protein digestibility dropped from 80.67 to 49.03% in the fresh feed and contaminated feed respectively. Addition of the adsorbents (S. cerevisiae and bentonite) significantly (p < 0.05) improved these parameters.

Highlights

The contaminated feed supplemented with bentonite and kaolin had a more pronounced effect on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) and DON reduction than the other two combinations of adsorbents
The concentrations of AFB1, AFB2, DON and ochratoxin B (OTB) mycotoxins in the contaminated feed treated with SC/kaolin combination was lower than in feed treated with SC/bentonite combination (Table 1)
The experimental feed was sprinkled with water to induce fungal growth and mycotoxin production, which was evident in the increase in mycotoxin (CPA, AFB1, AFB2, DON and OTB) concentrations identified in this study

Summary

Introduction

Poultry feed is compounded from different ingredients, primarily cereals (rice, wheat, barley, oats, rye, corn, sorghum and millet), milling by-products (brans, hulls, pollards) creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Oil cakes (palm kernel, soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, peanut, linseed, cottonseed). These components (especially corn and corn by-products) are highly susceptible to fungal contamination and susceptible to mycotoxin contamination [1]. Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites produced by fungi of different genera, for example certain Aspergillus species produces aflatoxins (AF) [2], while certain Fusarium species produce zeralenone (ZEN) [3,4]. The chemical composition, ingredients and nutritional quality of poultry feeds influence the growth of mycotoxin producing fungi [1]. The presence of lipids enhances growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi and, in turn, mycotoxin content in feed, especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)

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