Abstract
The paper analyzes the issue of the reduction of load capacity in fiber cement board during a fire. Fiber cement boards were put under the influence of fire by using a large-scale facade model. Such a model is a reliable source of knowledge about the behavior of facade cladding and the way fire spreads. One technical solution for external walls—a ventilated facade—is gaining popularity and is used more and more often. However, the problem of the destruction during a fire of a range of different materials used in external facade cladding is insufficiently recognized. For this study, the authors used fiber cement boards as the facade cladding. Fiber cement boards are fiber-reinforced composite materials, mainly used for facade cladding, but also used as roof cladding, drywall, drywall ceiling and floorboards. This paper analyzes the effect of fire temperatures on facade cladding using a large-scale facade model. Samples were taken from external facade cladding materials that were mounted on the model at specific locations above the combustion chamber. Subsequently, three-point bending flexural tests were performed and the effects of temperature and the integrals of temperature and time functions on the samples were evaluated. The three-point bending flexural test was chosen because it is a universal method for assessing fiber cement boards, cited in Standard EN 12467. It also allows easy reference to results in other literature.
Highlights
A ventilated facade is a modern technical solution for the exterior part of a multilayer wall
External facade cladding can be made of a variety of materials, e.g., fiber cement boards, concrete slabs, steel elements, ceramic and other composite elements
External facade cladding does not ensure the airtightness of the building, but only to a certain extent ensures the protection of the external surface of the supporting wall to which the facade is fixed
Summary
A ventilated facade is a modern technical solution for the exterior part of a multilayer wall. It consists of an external facade cladding that is mechanically or adhesively attached to a subframe. Facade cladding is usually installed in accordance with the individual technical design of the facade and the requirements set out by the product manufacturer. They are nonload-bearing elements, bearing only their own weight and environmental impacts such as snow, wind and temperature. A ventilated facade is a complete set of individual components that make up a system solution. The standard that sets requirements for a complete ventilated facade system is ETAG 034-1 [1], and the individual components of the whole system must meet national requirements
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