Abstract
Abstract Timing of severance, auxin treatment, and staking were evaluated for their effects on reducing abaxial-concave bending of softwood Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] stem cuttings. Cuttings collected 21 July 1983, were much less plagiotropic after a 135-day rooting period than those collected 3 weeks earlier. This upright habit was related to stronger internal support from increased amounts of xylem and lignified pith at severance. Staking also reduced abaxial-concave bending, but postseverance auxin treatment had no effect. Stakes apparently provided external support until stems became lignified. Nonstaked cuttings collected 30 June 1983 continued to exhibit greatest bending at the end of the 2nd growing season. Basal defoliation and wounding in preparation for rooting increased plagiotropic growth and reduced survival during rooting, but did not affect the percentage of rooting. Evaluation of xylem distribution indicated that abaxial-concave bending in the 2nd season was caused by greater production of compression wood and total xylem on adaxial than on abaxial sides of the original cutting segments.
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