Abstract
Whey predominant infant formulas contain considerable amounts (up to.9% of protein) of glycomacropeptide (GMP). GMP is formed from κ-casein during enzymatic precipitation of bovine casein and occurs in the water soluble whey fraction. There is evidence that the hyperthreoninemia, observed in infants fed whey predominant bovine milk formulas, is most likely due to the content of threonine rich GMP in these formulas. In the present study, the effect of feeding a GMP free bovine milk formula on the plasma threonine concentrations is studied in 13 term infants and the results are compared to those found in infants fed a standard formula (n=14) or breast milk (n=12) after a 2 weeks feeding period. The protein concentration in both formulas was 1.6 g/dl. The plasma amino acids were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography based on o-phthaldialde-hyde/2-mercaptoethanol pre-column derivatization. The mean plasma threonine concentration in the group fed the GMP-free formula was significantly lower than that in the infants fed a standard formula (18.6±5.2 vs. 29.8±6.3 μmol/l; p < 0.01) and similar to the threonine concentrations found in the breast fed infants (16.8±4.0 μmol/l). The data demonstrate that the incidence of hyperthreoninemia can be reduced in term infants fed whey predominant formula without GMP.
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