Abstract
Despite the overuse of fertilizer in China, yields have stagnated while environmental pollution has risen. To increase sustainable production, the “Three Controls” Technology (3CT) was adopted in Guangdong Province as an agricultural best management practice for rice production. Its goal is to reduce the fertilizer use of farmers while decreasing the number of unproductive tillers and controlling pests and diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the farmers’ perception of 3CT focusing on three different impact factors: economic, social, and environmental. Using a digital survey questionnaire application, 142 farmers from six villages in Guangdong Province were interviewed to evaluate perceived changes in their farming and livelihood since adopting 3CT. Results showed that the farmers were highly satisfied with 3CT. They perceived positive livelihood changes and increased agronomic performance with reduced fertilizer use. Farmers who had adopted 3CT for the longest perceived significantly higher levels of change, more benefits, and improved agricultural efficiency. The study showed that 3CT is highly appreciated by farmers due to its effectiveness, ease of use, and compatibility. Our model highlighted the relevance of including social and environmental impact analysis for sustainability research in agriculture. Ultimately, 3CT has the potential of being implemented in other regions of China.
Highlights
Agriculture is at the center of the debate on sustainability with agricultural systems requiring large areas of land and inputs such as fertilizer [1]
The United Nations’ definition of sustainability and its subsequent elements of sustainable development described in the Agenda 21 have been chosen as a conceptual framework to investigate the effects of fertilizer reduction on sustainability [1,5]
The present study examined the farmers’ perception of changes related to the three pillars of sustainability including economic, environmental, and social impacts in a non-experimental setting of 3CT
Summary
Agriculture is at the center of the debate on sustainability with agricultural systems requiring large areas of land and inputs such as fertilizer [1]. The United Nations’ definition of sustainability and its subsequent elements of sustainable development described in the Agenda 21 have been chosen as a conceptual framework to investigate the effects of fertilizer reduction on sustainability [1,5]. In this definition, sustainable development consists of social, economic, and environmental aspects as well as related institutional aspects in order to reach the Agenda 21 sustainability targets [1,6,7,8]
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