Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess the effects for controlling extrinsic tooth stain of a whitening toothpaste containing 10% high cleaning silica, 0.5% sodium phytate and 0.5% sodium pyrophosphate, in comparison with a negative control toothpaste.MethodsA total of 86 adults who met with the inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to take part in the study. They were distributed into test and control groups randomly. At baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks, the same examiner provided the clinical examinations, including evaluations of oral soft and hard tissues and measurements of tooth stain of the anterior teeth using the Lobene Stain Index. Adverse events and any changes in general health conditions of the patients were monitored.ResultsWhen the study was completed, comparisons between patients in test and control groups yielded statistically significant differences in Lobene stain adjusted mean area score [0.83 (0.05) vs. 1.13 (0.05)], Lobene stain adjusted mean intensity score [0.99 (0.06) vs. 1.32 (0.06)] and Lobene stain adjusted mean composite score [1.45 (0.13) vs. 2.50 (0.13)] (All, P < 0.001). Patients in the test group exhibited reductions of 26.55%, 25% and 42%, respectively in Lobene stain area, intensity and composite scores, relative to patients in the control group. Comparisons within groups showed that all three Lobene scores at 8 weeks in both groups were lower than those at baseline (All, P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that 8-week use of a toothpaste containing 10% high cleaning silica, 0.5% sodium phytate and 0.5% sodium pyrophosphate can effectively reduce extrinsic tooth stain.Trial registration NCT04238429 (before enrollment of the first participant). Data register: March 4, 2018.
Highlights
Extrinsic tooth stain is a common esthetic problem, especially on anterior teeth
Two patients moved to another place to live and one patient became ill
Patients were in test group and patients were in control group
Summary
Extrinsic tooth stain is a common esthetic problem, especially on anterior teeth. Epidemiological studies in different populations found that 17.9–52.6% of the subjects dissatisfied with their tooth color [1–4], adults in younger ages had greater dissatisfaction with dental appearance or color in comparison with adults over 55 yearsLiu and Tu BMC Oral Health (2021) 21:113 old [2]. Extrinsic tooth stain is caused by deposition of colored compound called chromophores [6, 7]. Chromophores can be absorbed directly on the enamel or exposed dentin surfaces [8], especially rough surfaces that have thick pellicle layers and are difficult to clean. They can be incorporated into the acquired pellicle, biofilm or calculus. Organic chromophores are small organic molecules from tea, coffee, red wine or fruits [9]. They have conjugated bonds in their chemical structure and a high affinity to protein inside plaque and pellicle. Oral care products such as stannous fluoride and chlorhexidine could cause indirect stain. Stannous fluoride in toothpaste may hydrolyze or oxidize because of its unstablized formulations, and promote a yellowishbrown stain [11, 12]
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