Reduction of energy consumption of virtual synchronous machine using supplementary adaptive dynamic programming

Abstract

Due to fast responses and low inertia in photovoltaic systems, frequency stability problems arise in grids with large photovoltaic systems. Virtual inertia can be added by using energy storage systems with power electronics converters and proper control algorithm called virtual synchronous machines. A virtual synchronous machine consumes energy from the energy storage systems to emulate virtual inertia. This paper proposes a novel technique to reduce the energy consumption of virtual synchronous machines using an online supplementary adaptive dynamic programming learning controller. This controller supplements the performance of an existing controller and reduces the energy consumption of a virtual synchronous machine. Reducing the energy consumption can also reduce the overall cost of a virtual synchronous machine.