Abstract
Handroanthus impetiginosus has long been used in traditional medicine and various studies have determined the presence of bioactive chemical compounds and potential phytotherapeutics. In this study, the genotoxicity of the lyophilized tincture of H. impetiginosus bark (THI) was evaluated in mouse bone marrow using micronucleus assays. The interaction between THI and genotoxic effects induced by the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DXR), was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24 to 48 h after treatment with N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU; 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), sodium chloride (NaCl; 150 mM), and THI (0.5-2 g/kg). Antigenotoxic assays were carried out using THI (0.5 g/kg) in combination with NEU or DXR. Analysis of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) indicated no significant differences between treatment doses of THI (0.5-2 g/kg) and NaCl. Polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) to normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) ratios did not indicate any statistical differences between DXR and THI or NaCl, but there were differences between THI and NaCl. A significant reduction in MNPCEs and PCE/NCE ratios was observed when THI was administered in combination with DXR. This study suggested the absence of THI genotoxicity that was dose-, time-, and gender-independent and the presence of moderate systemic toxicity that was dose-independent, but time- and gender-dependent. The combination of THI and DXR also suggested antigenotoxic effects, indicating that THI reduced genotoxic effects induced by chemotherapeutic agents.
Highlights
Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos (synonyms: Gelseminum avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Kuntze, Handroanthus avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Mattos, Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb., Tabebuia dugandii Standl., Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl., Tabebuia nicaraguenses S.F.Blake, Tabebuia palmeri Rose, Tabebuia schunkevigoi D.R
The numbers and frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) and the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE)/normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) ratio in the bone marrow of mice were analyzed statistically for each of the animal groups treated with tincture of H. impetiginosus bark (THI)—genotoxic assay (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2 g/kg of THI)—and for each of the groups treated with THI and a chemotherapeutic agent, DXR or NEU—antigenotoxic assay (0.5 g/kg of THI + 5 mg/kg of DXR; 0.5 g/kg of THI + 50 mg/kg of NEU)—as well as for the control groups
For animal groups treated with THI, analysis of the MNPCEs (n and %) exhibited no significant differences (p < 0.05) between all the treatment doses [average values (%) of 0.46 ± 0.28 (24 h) and 0.29 ± 0.13 (48 h) for 500 mg/kg; 0.55 ± 0.17 (24 h) and 0.49 ± 0.13 (48 h) for 1,000 mg/kg; 0.66 ± 0.37 (24 h) and 0.70 ± 0.15 (48 h) for 1,500 mg/kg; and 0.80 ± 0.21 (24 h) and 0.81 ± 0.23 (48 h) for 2,000 mg/kg] and negative control (NaCl) [average values (%) of 0.44 ± 0.1 (24 h) and 0.50 ± 0.08 (48 h)] (Table 1; Table 1S in Supplementary material)
Summary
Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos (synonyms: Gelseminum avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Kuntze, Handroanthus avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Mattos, Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb., Tabebuia dugandii Standl., Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl., Tabebuia nicaraguenses S.F.Blake, Tabebuia palmeri Rose, Tabebuia schunkevigoi D.R. To contribute to information about the genotoxic potential of herbal and natural products, the present study evaluated the genotoxic effects (clastogenicity and aneugenicity) of the lyophilized tincture of H. impetiginosus bark in the bone marrow of mice using a micronucleus assay. The action of this tincture on genotoxic effects induced by the chemotherapeutic agent, DXR, was studied (antigenotoxic evaluation)
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