Reduction of critical current density in a spin valve with a perpendicular polarizer and a planar biaxial free layer

Abstract

Ultrafast magnetization switching of a spin valve consisting of a perpendicularly magnetized polarizer and an in-plane magnetized free layer with uniaxial and higher order anisotropy is studied. Here we report the analytical results in which a modified asteroid and current–field state diagram are derived from an effective one-dimensional free energy for higher order anisotropy. Because additional crystalline axes provide an additional nutation channel, the critical current density for the biaxial case is smaller than that commonly observed for quadratic anisotropy. This will be of importance for the design of spin-torque-transfer magnetic random access memories and nano-oscillators.