Reduction of caries and of demineralization around orthodontic brackets: Effect of a fluoride-releasing resin in the rat model

Abstract

The effectiveness of fluoride in reduction of caries is well known. This study examined the ability of a fluoride-releasing resin to reduce caries, as well as demineralization around orthodontic brackets, by using the Sprague-Dawley rat as a model. Eighteen-day-old rats were infected with cariogenic Streptococcus sobrinus 6715. After infection was confirmed, standard orthodontic techniques were used to bond miniature orthodontic brackets to the lingual surfaces of maxillary first molars, with either a fluoride-releasing resin (group I) or a conventional resin (group II). A control group was infected but not bonded (group III). Bonding was done at age 34 days. Rats were fed a cariogenic diet and were killed at age 72 days. Lingual surfaces of maxillary first molars were evaluated for area of demineralization, and mandibular molars were scored for caries. Mean percent area of demineralization for group I was 4.7%, for group II 35.7%, and for group III 0%. The difference between groups I and II was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Mean mandibular molar enamel carious lesion unit count for group I was 9.8, for group II 16.3, and for group III 13.7. Group I had significantly fewer lesions than groups II and III (p < 0.01), and group II had significantly more lesions than group III (p < 0.01). These results indicate that a fluoride-releasing resin reduces demineralization at the site of application and reduces caries at distant sites in the experimental rat model.