Abstract
Sea hare has a variety of biological activities. However, little is known regarding the anti-asthmatic effects of sea hare. This study was performed to identify the effect of sea hare hydrolysates (SHH) on an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma model. The experimental asthma model was sensitized and challenged with OVA. We found that a high-dose of SHH (HSHH) significantly inhibited OVA-induced airway inflammation and mucus production around the airway in lung sections, while low- and medium-dose SHH showed an insignificant effect. In addition, HSHH highly reduced OVA-induced production of interleukin-4, -5, -13, leukotriene D4, E4, and histamine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. HSHH decreased the histamine-induced increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level and contractions in asthmatic smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, HSHH did not affect the weights of the spleen nor thymus, whereas dexamethasone (DEX), a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, reduced them. Taken together, these results showed that HSHH reduced asthmatic parameters in a mouse model of allergic asthma, and suggest that SHH could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for asthma.
Highlights
Sea hare, Aplysia kurodai (A. kurodai), is a type of shell-less and slow-moving marine mollusk, which is commonly found in rocky seashores and is well-known in Asia as an edible marine organism [1,2]
Among mice that were administered with sea hare hydrolysates (SHH), only high-dose of SHH (HSHH)
To the best of our our knowledge, knowledge, this study is the first report demonstrating that SHH reduces asthmatic parameters in an OVA-challenged allergic asthma model
Summary
Aplysia kurodai (A. kurodai), is a type of shell-less and slow-moving marine mollusk, which is commonly found in rocky seashores and is well-known in Asia as an edible marine organism [1,2]. Sea hare has a large number of bioactive molecules, and secretes the molecules as a defense mechanism to compensate for the absence of a shell as physical protection [3]. The bioactive molecules have shown a variety of functions, such as antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and immunostimulatory activities [4,5,6,7]. Asthma is an obstructive respiratory disorder that is characterized by an increased infiltration of leukocytes, eosinophils (Eos’s), airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness [8,9]. Activated Th2 cells within the lungs produce various cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which promote immunoglobulin
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