Reduction of Ascaridia galli Pathology by Salmonella typhimurium in Broiler Chicken.

Eric Igor Sop Foka,Christelle Noumedem Anangmo,Mpoame Mbida Mpoame Mbida,Ben Enyetornye,Theodore B Mayaka,Cedric Yamssi,José F Silveira

doi:10.1155/2021/5386575

Eric Igor Sop Foka, Christelle Noumedem Anangmo + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5386575

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Abstract

Previous studies have reported interactions between Salmonella spp. and some helminth coinfections. In this study, S. typhimurium and Ascaridia galli coinfections were analyzed, and the consequences on therapy were proposed. In a first experiment where the effect of the bacteria on the nematode was evaluated, thirty 42-day-old broiler chickens were divided into 3 groups and coinfected with both parasites. The rate of A. galli egg inoculum was kept constant at 500/ml while that of S. typhimurium varied as follows: T0 (500 A. galli eggs/ml), T104 (500 A. galli eggs/ml+104 S. typhimurium CFUs), and T106 (500 A. galli eggs/ml +106S. typhymurium CFUs). EPG and parasitic load were measured using the McMaster technic, and number of worms and their length were also measured. We observed that T106 containing 106 CFUs of Salmonella significantly reduced the EPG values, and this group recorded the lowest worm load ranging from 18 to 21 worms. Likewise, the length of the worms obtained with T104 and T106 appeared to be shorter than those of the control (T0). In a second experiment to assess the effects of the nematode on the bacteria, thirty 42-day-old broiler chickens were divided into 3 groups and coinfected with both parasites. The rate of S. typhimurium inoculum was kept constant at 106 CFUs while that of A. galli varied as follows: T0 (106CFUs), T500 (500 A. galli eggs/ml +106S. typhymurium CFUs), and T750 (750 A. galli eggs/ml +106S. typhymurium CFUs). Bacterial load was measured using Voogt technique. We observed that T500 increased the colonization time and prolonged the duration of S. typhimurium secretion. Salmonella appears to be a hyperparasite considering the deleterious effect on A. galli. Due to this, it may be prudent to combine anti-Salmonella treatment with anthelmintic so as to effectively treat pathologies caused by these two pathogens.

Highlights

The study of the interaction between Gram-negative bacteria and parasites dates back to decades where [1] suggested Strongyloides can drag Escherichia coli during their migration from the intestine to other organs of the host
The rate of S. typhimurium inoculum was kept constant at 106 CFUs while that of A. galli varied as follows: T0 (106 CFUs), T500, and T750 (Table 2)
Considering that A. galli egg excretion was higher in the control group than those in the coinfected group, it suggests that the best method for the detection of A. galli perhaps is the manual count of eggs in the stool

Summary

Introduction

The study of the interaction between Gram-negative bacteria and parasites dates back to decades where [1] suggested Strongyloides can drag Escherichia coli during their migration from the intestine to other organs of the host. Other nematodes such as Trichinella spiralis and A. galli have been identified as direct vectors for Salmonella transmission [2, 3]. Several experimental studies have begun to demonstrate the persistence and enhanced growth of Salmonella in chickens concurrently infected with Ascaridia galli [6] In this regard, the presence of A. galli worms in vivo indicates that chickens were infected transiently with Salmonella typhimurium.

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