Reduction of adverse outcomes from cesarean section by surgical-site infection prevention care bundles in maternity.

Abstract

To reduce average surgical-site infection (SSI) rates to less than 7.5%, as well as other complications by incrementally implementing an SSI prevention care bundle in maternity: (1) ChloraPrep; (2) PICO dressings, performing elective cesarean sections in a main theater rather than a labor ward and warming blankets; (3) vaginal cleansing; and (4) Hibiscrub. In this prospective cohort study, the association between categorical variables was assessed by χ2 tests, temporal trends in the monthly percentage change of SSI were measured using the Joinpoint Regression Program v4.7.0.0. In all, 1682 women (mean age 33.1± 5.2 years) underwent either elective (53.9%) or emergency (46.1%) cesarean section. After a small initial increase (10.0%-11.8%), SSI progressively declined to 4.4% (χ2 = 22.1, P< 0.001), as did sepsis, reoperation or readmission for SSI: from 12.5% to 0.5% (χ2 = 90.1, P< 0.001). The rates of SSI fell progressively with the cumulative introduction care bundle components. The average monthly percentage change was -14.0% (95% confidence interval -21.8% to -5.4%, P= 0.004), and the average SSI rate was kept below 7.5% for the last 12 months of the study. The maternal SSI prevention care bundle is simple and inexpensive; it effectively reduces SSI after a cesarean section and should be offered routinely to women undergoing cesarean section.