Reduction of a finger in the out-of-hospital arena?

Abstract

Introduction: Paramedics can find themselves called to digit dislocations. This is challenging as a dislocation can present in various ways, bringing residual damage to tissue and underlying structures from prolonged displacement. The aim is to limit impact on the welfare of the patient and the paramedic's objective is always to get the dislocation reduced as soon as a possible in a quick and safe manner. Dislocation: The most common dislocation of the digit is at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ), also known as the ‘coach's finger’. PIPJ injuries are commonly seen in ball sports; the dislocation is mainly dorsal in presentation, and normally closed and stable. It is vital that the paramedic undertakes an in-depth digit assessment in order to be equipped with an appropriate treatment plan for the presentation, which can manage the dislocated digit. Discussion—pain relief: While there has been extensive study of systemic analgesia in emergency medical services (EMS), there is little out-of-hospital research on digit ring blocks and the use of regional anesthetics by paramedics in the pre-hospital setting. X-ray: The evidence is contradictory as some insist that X-ray must be carried out pre-reduction, where other authors state that reduction first is acceptable, but only after a thorough assessment. Reduction: There is a distinct lack of evidence for out-of-hospital digit reduction, too sparse for any robust argument to be built. Conclusion: The suggestion is that reduction of the PIPJ dislocation in the out-of-hospital arena is not supported, owing to a lack of evidence. Until more studies are carried out and patient follow-up is proved to be negative with no ongoing digit impact, this skill needs to be undertaken in appropriate locations supported by X-ray.