Abstract
The most popular treatment/management modality for coronary artery disease, which is one of the leading causes of death, is percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention (popularly known as “plain old balloon angioplasty”) followed by implantation of a stent (“stenting”). Stent types have evolved from bare metal stents through first-generation drug-eluting stents to fully bioresorbable stents (FBRSs). Two examples of FBRSs are 1) Mg scaffold with no coating; and 2) Mg alloy scaffold coated with a bioresorbable polymer in which an anti-proliferative drug is embedded. In the case of Mg/Mg alloy FBRSs, one of the reported clinical results is that the resorption time of the stent is too short (in vivo resorption time (and, hence, improving the clinical efficacy) of the current generation of fully-bioresorbable Mg/Mg-alloy stents as well as guide the development of the next generation of these stents.
Highlights
Coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common of the cardiovascular diseases, is caused by atherosclerosis, the genesis of which is damage to the endothelium [1]
Stent types have evolved from bare metal stents through first-generation drug-eluting stents to fully bioresorbable stents (FBRSs)
Two examples of Fully Bioresorbable Stents (FBRSs) are 1) Mg scaffold with no coating; and 2) Mg alloy scaffold coated with a bioresorbable polymer in which an anti-proliferative drug is embedded
Summary
Coronary artery disease (CAD) (sometimes called coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease), the most common of the cardiovascular diseases, is caused by atherosclerosis, the genesis of which is damage to the endothelium [1]. The choice of modality for a given case is very challenging because it is dictated by a large array of factors, in particular, stage of CAD (for example, stable CAD and acute myocardial infraction), demographic characteristics and health status of the patient (principally, age and comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus and high risk for bleeding), location of the lesion in the artery (for example, on a curve or immediately followed by a curve or at the left main stem); type of lesion (such as plain single-vessel, bifurcation single-vessel, plain multi-vessel, and calcified lesions); size of the artery (for example, < or >3 mm); degree of occlusion/blockage of the artery (that is, ratio of lesion size to artery size); and presence or absence of ancillary cardiovascular conditions (for example, myocardial infarction, saphenous vein graft disease and diffuse disease requiring 4 ormore stents) [25] [26] [27] This challenge is manifest in the fact that, in spite of a voluminous body of literature comprising randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic review of results of RCTs, and meta-analyses of the results of RCTs in which the subject is either one modality or two or more [21] [28] [29] [30], there is a lack/shortage of evidencebased recommendations. The fifth section, Summary, contains a summary of the key points made in the review
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