Reduction in size of the ovulatory follicle reduces subsequent luteal size and pregnancy rate

Abstract

We hypothesized that reducing the size of the ovulatory follicle using aspiration and GnRH would reduce the size of the resulting CL, reduce circulating progesterone concentrations, and alter conception rates. Lactating dairy cows (n=52) had synchronized ovulation and AI by treating with GnRH and PGF 2α as follows: Day -9, GnRH (100 μg); Day -2, PGF 2α (25 mg); Day 0, GnRH (100 μg); Day 1, AI. Treated cows (aspirated group; n=29) had all follices > 4 mm in diameter aspirated on Days -5 or -6 in order to start a new follicular wave. Control cows (nonaspirated group; n=23) had no follicle aspiration. The size of follicles and CL were monitored by ultrasonography. The synchronized ovulation rate (ovulation rate to second GnRH injection: 42/52=80.8%) and double ovulation rate of synchronized cows (6/42=14.3%) did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups. Aspiration reduced the size of the ovulatory follicle (P < 0.0001; 11.5 ± 0.2 vs 14.5 ± 0.4 mm), and serum estradiol concentrations at second GnRH treatment (P < 0.0002; 2.5 ± 0.4 vs 5.7 ± 0.6 pg/mL). The volume of CL was less (P < 0.05) for aspirated than nonaspirated cows on Day 7 (2,862 ± 228 vs 5,363 ± 342 mm 3) or Day 14 (4,652 ± 283 vs 6,526 ± 373 mm 3). Similarly, serum progesteron concentrations were less on Day 7 (P < 0.05) and Day 14 (P < 0.10) for aspirated cows. Pregnancy rate per AI for synchronized cows was lower (P < 0.05) for aspirated 3/21=14.3%) than nonaspirated (10/21=47.6%) cows. In conclusion, ovulation of smaller follices produced lowered fertility possibly because development of smaller CL decreased circulating progesterone concentrations.