Abstract
Antimicrobial use contributes to the global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In 2014, the poultry industry in Canada initiated its Antimicrobial Use Reduction Strategy to mitigate AMR in the poultry sector. We monitored trends in antimicrobial use and AMR of foodborne bacteria (Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter) in broiler chickens during 2013 and 2019. We quantified the effect of antimicrobial use and management factors on AMR by using LASSO regression and generalized mixed-effect models. AMR in broiler chickens declined by 6%–38% after the decrease in prophylactic antimicrobial use. However, the withdrawal of individual compounds, such as cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, prompted an increase in use of and resistance levels for other drug classes, such as aminoglycosides. Canada’s experience with antimicrobial use reduction illustrates the potential for progressive transitions from conventional antimicrobial-dependent broiler production to more sustainable production with respect to antimicrobial use.
Highlights
Antimicrobial use contributes to the global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Our study examined AMU trends in broiler chicken production in Canada along with AMR trends in important foodborne bacteria
A reduction in both AMR and AMU was observed across most antimicrobials and classes during 2013–2019
Summary
Antimicrobial use contributes to the global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In 2014, the poultry industry in Canada initiated its Antimicrobial Use Reduction Strategy to mitigate AMR in the poultry sector. We monitored trends in antimicrobial use and AMR of foodborne bacteria (Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter) in broiler chickens during 2013 and 2019. The third phase was to include the elimination of the preventive use of category III antimicrobials (e.g., bacitracins and tetracyclines) by the end of 2020 [13] This third step has been postponed pending further consultation with producers, an assessment of overall bird health and welfare from implementation of the first 2 phases, and a more fulsome evaluation of the production outcomes. We used farm-level AMU and AMR time series data from CIPARS (2013–2019) to identify how changes in AMU have affected AMR in E. coli, Campylobacter, and Salmonella isolates from broiler chicken farms in Canada. The specific goals were to assess trends in AMR by province during 2013–2019, identify farm-management factors affecting AMU and AMR, and examine the association between route of antimicrobial administration (injections, water, or feed) and the frequency of multidrug resistance (defined as resistance to >2 antimicrobial classes)
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